Scientific American 202511 The Math Trick Hiding in Credit Card Numbers Summary
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A Number That Checks Itself
A credit card number is more than an account label. Its digits follow a compact error-detection scheme that lets a checkout form reject many typing mistakes before contacting a bank. The scheme is the Luhn algorithm, named for IBM researcher Hans Peter Luhn, who patented it in 1960. Variants of the same idea also protect barcodes, package-tracking numbers, bank-account identifiers and ISBNs.
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